Bibliography - B. Sturtevant

1. Bender, Michael, D. T. Ho, M. B. Hendricks, R. Mika, M. Battle, P. P. Tans, T. J. Conway, B. Sturtevant, and N. Cassar, 2005: Atmospheric O₂/N₂ changes, 1993–2002: Implications for the partitioning of fossil fuel CO₂ sequestration. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19(GB4017), doi:10.1029/2004GB002410
   [ Abstract ]

   Improvements made to an established mass spectrometric method for measuring changes in atmospheric O₂/N₂ are described. With the improvements in sample handling and analysis, sample throughput and analytical precision have both increased. Aliquots from duplicate flasks are repeatedly measured over a period of 2 weeks, with an overall standard error in each flask of 3–4 per meg, corresponding to 0.6–0.8 ppm O₂ in air. Records of changes in O₂/N₂ from six global sampling stations (Barrow, American Samoa, Cape Grim, Amsterdam Island, Macquarie Island, and Syowa Station) are presented. Combined with measurements of CO₂ from the same sample flasks, land and ocean carbon uptake were calculated from the three sampling stations with the longest records (Barrow, Samoa, and Cape Grim). From 1994–2002, We find the average CO₂ uptake by the ocean and the land biosphere was 1.7 ± 0.5 and 1.0 ± 0.6 GtC yr^-1 respectively; these numbers include a correction of 0.3 Gt C yr^-1 due to secular outgassing of ocean O₂. Interannual variability calculated from these data shows a strong land carbon source associated with the 1997–1998 El Nin˜o event, supporting many previous studies indicating that high atmospheric growth rates observed during most El Ninõ events reflect diminished land uptake. Calculations of interannual variability in land and ocean uptake are probably confounded by non-zero annual air sea fluxes of O₂. The origin of these fluxes is not yet understood.

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