Bibliography - J. Kaiser
- Cassar, N., B. Barnett, Michael Bender, J. Kaiser, Roberta C. Hamme, and Bronte Tilbrook, 2009: Continuous High-Frequency Dissolved O2/Ar Measurements by Equilibrator Inlet Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 81, doi:10.1021/ac802300u 1855-1864
[ Abstract ]The oxygen (O2) concentration in the surface ocean is influenced by biological and physical processes. With concurrent measurements of argon (Ar), which has similar solubility properties as oxygen, we can remove the physical contribution to O2 supersaturation and determine the biological oxygen supersaturation. Biological O2 supersaturation in the surface ocean reflects the net metabolic balance between photosynthesis and respiration, i.e., the net community productivity (NCP). We present a new method for continuous shipboard measurements of O2/Ar by equilibrator inlet mass spectrometry (EIMS). From these measurements and an appropriate gas exchange parametrization, NCP can be estimated at high spatial and temporal resolution. In the EIMS configuration, seawater from the ship’s continuous intake flows through a cartridge enclosing a gas-permeable microporous membrane contactor. Gases in the headspace of the cartridge equilibrate with dissolved gases in the flowing seawater. A fused-silica capillary continuously samples headspace gases, and the O2/Ar ratio is measured by mass spectrometry. The ion current measurements on the mass spectrometer reflect the partial pressures of dissolved gases in the water flowing through the equilibrator. Calibration of the O2/Ar ion current ratio (32/40) is performed automatically every 2 h by sampling ambient air through a second capillary. A conceptual model demonstrates that the ratio of gases reaching the mass spectrometer is dependent on several parameters, such as the differences in molecular diffusivities and solubilities of the gases. Laboratory experiments and field observations performed by EIMS are discussed. We also present preliminary evidence that other gas measurements, such as N2/Ar and pCO2 measurements, may potentially be performed with EIMS. Finally, we compare the characteristics of the EIMS with the previously described membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) approach.
- Kaiser, J., M. K. Reuer, B. Barnett, and Michael Bender, 2005: Marine productivity estimates from continuous oxygen/argon ratio measurements by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(L19605), doi:10.1029/2005GL023459
[ Abstract ]Dissolved oxygen/argon (O2/Ar) ratios in the oceanic mixed layer are indicative of
net community production (NCP) because O2 and Ar share similar physical solubility
properties, but only O2 is biologically produced and consumed. We describe a membrane
inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS) that allows continuous high-precision shipboard analysis
of O2/Ar ratios and eventually other gases, calibrated with discrete samples analyzed in
the laboratory. We also present O2/Ar data from the eastern equatorial Pacific. Shortterm
reproducibilities of 0.05% were achieved. Meridional gradients and small-scale
phenomena were clearly resolved. O2/Ar undersaturations around the equator reflect the
interaction of biological and physical forcings. Mixed-layer NCP estimated from wind
speed-gas exchange parameterizations was near zero north of 2.75°N, and about 12 mmol
m-2 d-1 south of 6.75°S. Ar supersaturations, calculated from MIMS O2/Ar measurements
and accompanying O2 concentration measurements, ranged from -0.8 to +3.0%.
Direct link to page: http://cmi.princeton.edu/bibliography/results.php?author=4039
